Farming in goa 

tajammul 

c194256

fybcom(b)

F
arming in goa 

Traditional occupations of Goa refers to the work and jobs which the people of Goa undertook ssfarming was an important job carried by the majority of Goan people for their day to day livings.They had to spend most of their time working in their own fields.At the end of the day or in the late evening they return home very tired and then the next day continues with the same.

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Goa being a small state is dependent on its neighboring states for milk, poultry and vegetables. Rice that is cultivated in the rains from June to September is the major crop followed by cereals like pulses and small millets. The areca nut, coconut, cashew are the other major plantation crops here and the garden crops include pineapple, mango, bananas and jackfruits. Also from the forest various types of barks and bamboo canes are harvested.

However even though one fourth of the population is sustained by agriculture in Goa, it contributes to only 15 to 16 percent to the income of the state. Due to rapid urbanization the availability of agricultural land is reducing. Also as 78 percent of the agricultural area is still rain fed, irrigation is insufficient and commercial farming is ruled out as 80 percent of land holdings are below 2 hectares and the sizes of the fields are small.
For high - quality planting material, nurseries and tissue - cultural laboratories are being promoted by the government. At Assonara, the Sagar Caju nursery is amongst the biggest in Asia. To recharge the groundwater table and to harvest rainwater, simple watershed  techniques are being used.
The coastline of Goa is also rich in fishery resources where the local fishermen usually catch a variety of fish such as sharks, mackerels, sardines, seer fish, silver belly, pomfrets, butter fish, prawns, crabs and squids. Sometimes one can also see a lot of bamboo poles that jut out of the water. These actually have fishing nets below the water line and when the water recedes through the net during the low tide, the fish are trappe

Rice that is cultivated in the rains from June to September is the major crop followed by cereals like pulses and small millets. The areca nut, coconut, cashew are the other major plantation crops here and the garden crops include pineapple, mango, bananas and jackfruits.

The important crops, apart from paddy, are ragi, maize, jowar, bajra and pulses. Cash crops like coconut, cashew-nut, arecanut, mango, jackfruit, banana, pineapple are also grown in abundance. Cashew is an important crop in Goa.

\Advantages of farming.

You might have droughts or floods, but if you're growing the crops and breeding them to be harder, you have a better chance of not starving. Especially if you grow grain, you can create a food surplus, which makes cities possible and also the specialization of labour.

What is the disadvantage of agriculture?

A number of disadvantages also resulted from farming. First, agriculture placed higher demands on the natural environment, leading to problems like soil exhaustion. In addition, since populations were more sedentary, they were also more likely to pollute their surrounding environment.

Why do we need farmers?

Local food production consumes less energy and recycles carbon, nitrogen and other nutrients. The diversity of plants and livestock on a farm is mutually sustainable, and good farmers conserve and preserve soil and water as if their lives depended on it. Farms offer amazing opportunities

carpainter
brandon rodrigues
C194203
fybcom(b)

carpainter

Carpenter in Goa is known as “Thevoi or Mest” in Konkani . Carpentry is the traditional occupation of Goa. Most of Goan carpenters,use their woodcraft arts to sell in the fair during the festival time.

Mr. JOACHIM ARMANDO SEQUEIRA  is a carpenter of Goa. He lives in CURTORIM. The art of carpentery was taught by his father MR. JOAO FRANSIS SEQUEIRA to him ,he followed his footsteps and started working at the age 20 in the year1988 .Presently he has employed  one employees MR. GABRU SEQUEIRA under him . Especially during the wedding season the workload is more as things like cupboards, beds are demanded more during this season. This season usually starts from the month of October till March. It’s been 32 years he has being working so hard to feed his entire family. He undertakes all types of order like making of beds, cupboard, dining table, chairs,etc. He does the work at home where he has made a shed for work and also goes to peoples home for work.

Procedure to make a wooden chair.

1.Gather your materials. You'll need 2x2s, 1x4s, a sheet of 1.5" plywood, 1/4" dowels, wood glue, 2.5" decking screws, double ended screws, a drill with a 1/4" bit, a jigsaw, and a circular saw.

2.Cut the sides. You'll need to cut:

·         Two 16.5" pieces of 2x2

·         Two 37" pieces of 2x2

·         Two 14" pieces of 1x4

·         One 14" piece of 1x4, then split that lengthwise into two long pieces.

3.Assemble the sides.

• Drill 1/4" holes half-way into the 16.5" posts, 1 1/6" from the top and then 2 1/3" from the top.
• Cut identically spaced 1/4" holes into both ends of the 1x4 boards.
• Drill 1/4" holes half-way into the 37" posts, 15 1/3" from the bottom, then 14 1/6" from the bottom.
• Glue and then insert dowels into the holes. Then you can fit all of the pieces together to form the two sides of the chair. The side pieces should be flush with the tops of the short posts.
• Slide the split 1x4s 4" up from the bottom on either side piece and screw them into place with decking screws.

4.Prepare for the connections.

·        Cut three pieces of 14" 1x4, and cut a 12" piece of 1x4 into 3 pieces.

·        Cut a 17x17" square from the plywood for the seat. Then cut 1.5"x1.5" notches out of two of the corners of the board, to make room for the back posts.

·        Drill 1/4" dowel holes into one of the 1x4s at the edge on one of the long sides (one hole centered and the other two 4 1/3" from each end of the board).

Line up this piece with the seat piece on the side that has the notches. Mark the locations of the dowel holes from the 1x4 onto the seat piece

·        between the two notches. Drill 1/4" dowel holes there as well.

·        Drill 1/4" dowel holes, centered, into each of your 3 pieces created from the 1x4.

·        Drill centered pilot holes in your posts for your decking screws 1 3/4" from the top of the short posts and 14 3/4 from the bottom of your tall posts.

5.Build the chair back. Glue and insert dowels into both ends of the 3 pieces created from the 1x4. Then, insert them into the 1x4 and into the seat back. Allow the glue to set before proceeding.

6.Insert the back/seat combination. Glue and then position the seat in place with the two side pieces below it, the back posts fit snugly into their notches. Insert the decking screws through the plywood and down into the center of the front posts.

7.Secure everything in place.

·        Glue and slide the two final aprons (front and back), and then screw them into place through the pilot holes you made earlier (passing through the posts and into the side of the apron).

·        Then insert two more decking screws going through the seat and into the back apron, with the screw place in between the 3 vertical bars.

·        You can create an even stronger connect with corner brackets on the inside of the chair, if you want to.

8.Sand and prepare the surface. Sand the enter surface of the chair to prepare it for staining or painting. You can also use this time to round out edges if you don't like the clean line look.

9.Paint the wood. Paint or stain the wood however you like. When it's dry, you're done!

The Goan people do prefer or we can say they like the work of carpentry as compared to the other metal works which is easily available and also keeps the traditional work of carpentry alive till date.

Fishing in Goa

Snifa cardozo
C19-4254
fybcom(b)

"The act of fishing transports us to a special world and a state of mind. Where we are free"

Fishing is the chief and the traditional occupation of the kharvis. So when I visited fishermens house who lives in my neighborhood. His name is Aureliano Fernandes. I had a great conversation with him and he told me that he is doing this work for last 55 years and his work is continued by his son. He even explained me about fishing and the time he should put the net into the sea. Before they would get into the sea at night they would unfold the net, which they would throw in the middle of the sea and wait until the next morning to take it off.

They caught lots of fish as u can see in the picture above and this fish is sold to the buyers that to for cheap rate and to the fisherfolk at a lower rate in large quantities. I have seen the smile on the face of those people which make them happy on seeing the big catch for that particular day through which they know they would earn a lot of money. This takes a lots of courage for the fisherman to go in the middle of the sea for the catch of fish which sometimes risk their life

sculpture by 

elivon noah fernandesc194212

                                                            sculpture maker

Mr . Dharmander Kumar is the sculpture maker residing in  opp. shaikh general store chandvaddo it has been nearly 52 years engaged in this occupation his father mr Ashish  Kumar  was also a sculpture maker at the age of  12 assisting his father . This occupation has been passed from generation to  generations . Mr Dharhmander is the only sculpture maker in chandvaddo hence a lot of people come near him to purchase idols  .he performs his jobs for around 8 to 9 hours a day as he starts at 6 in the morning ,takes a break for lunch in the afternoon and then gets back to work .This is his routine for the days During different celebration people ask him to make many statues during that time he works for around 16 hours a day along with his workers as he considers them as family members .

                                    

Stone carving is an activity where pieces of rough natural stone are shaped by the control removel of stone oving to the tremance of the material , stone work has survived which was created during our pre history .Work carried out by paleothic socities to create stone tools more often reffered ton as kannaping .stone carving that is done to produce lettering is more often reffered ton as lettering .This process of removing stone from the earth is called mining  or quarrying .stone carving is one of the process which may be used by an artist when creating an idol .the term also refers to the activity of masjion in dressing stone blocks for using building or civil engineering it is also frased used byarchcologist to describe the activity involved in making some time of paetholist carving stone into idol is an activity of older than civilisation itself idols were usually in human forms ,such as the faceless idols .stone has been used for carving ancient times for many reasons .most type of stones are earlier to find than metal ores which have to be mined ,stone can be duged from surface and carved with hand tools stone is more durable than woods and carving in stone last more longer than wood idols .stone comes in many varities and in many colours and related hardness .when   worked ,some stones realize dust that can damage lungs .advanced  technology  for making idols are present but ancient people don’t use it .the advanced technology are lazer cutting  and jet touches   

The production process involves stages like stone cutting,sketching the design on it, carving  and finising the product .making procedure starts by fine stone quality.

The big blocks are roughly cut in shapes according to the planned idol to be carved  the propotions are marked on the stone using charcoal and then the extra portion is taken out by hammering with the hammer and chisel .the rough outline  idol are drawn on the surface of the stone . based on this rough sketchs major carvings are done  by chisling once rough details are carved the detaling and ornumantions are carved by using sharp edge and pointed chisils . finally the ideals are smothed and policed by rubbing with stone called batty locally the policing enchanced the shine and duster of article. The curve idol is washed with water and kept ready for marketing. The quality of  carving waries according to requrment and price as well. The idols are painted carefully as per requriment .

BAKERY BY
Aimaan sharif shaikh

C194201

FY.BCOM {B}

    Baker (poder)

                      

The Goan Baker or rightly known to the Goans as ‘Poder’ is someone who is awaited every day for his delicious and steaming hot bread. They come daily in the mornings, afternoons and the evenings with bread on their bicycles, honking their horns. The children run to get their ‘pãos’; having it fresh and hot is the best way to savour it!

In Goa when you ask the poder to give you bread, he will ask, which one? Because Poders have a variety of bread to offer; the soft regular is pão or pav, the flat and round crisp bread with a slight layer of wheat husk is Poie, crunchy bangles called Kankna and scissored bread or katriancho pão.
                                  
Taste, texture and flavours will definitely vary in Goa as the pão from the north will be different from the pão in the south.Every village has a bakery where Goans can get their bread right from the oven. This art of bread making was first brought to us by the Portuguese, the only difference being they used toddy instead of yeast for the fermenting process. These breads (pãos) are absolute masterpieces.

This business is vital for Goans in the state as it is an important part of their daily life. But sadly in the recent years the occupation is on a decline. Dropping demand for the traditional pão, rising prices, few government incentives is making it hard for the poders to get by.

 The Poders need to be supported in their profession and they also need to be assisted economically and socially. We cannot let modernization ruin a tradition that has been a part of Goa for centuries. Poder has after all given us those cherished childhood memories of eating the pão(bread) with family.

Here’s a story of Baker (poder) who owns a bakery in curtorim:-

                   

Mr manial d costa is the owner of the bakery residing in Gandhi ward curtorim it has been 50 years. He is engaged in their occupation, this occupation of his going on generation to generation. Mr d costa’s is the 1^st one to start his baking in curtorim before he used to a lots of order for bread and now it is decreased as there another bakery started recently.In his bakery he has no workers allotted from outside to work all the work is done by their family member and they also look after selling of the bread.
                             

 They don’t have “poder” (person who sells bread house to home in his cycle /bike) to sell the bread instead all the people come near them to purchase the bread. All their work of baking starts at early in the morning at 4’0clock. They start with preparing of dough of the bread after preparing the dough and they keep the dough for some time to get fermented and then they put the bread into the furnace for baking.
      After its baked they remove out and it’s ready to sell.They make different kinds of bread like pav podi katre pav etc.Their whole family is depended on their bakery for their living.Mr D’costa and their family does get a holiday as their work is carried out through the year and has to work in all seasons whether winter, rainy, summer, etc. during heavy rains also they have to work.  



                                     

TODDY TAPPER

BY

Syed .G. Adnan

C19-4220

FYB.COM (B)

This our first blog on occupations of Goa, and this blog specifically tells about toddy tappers of  Goa and their life being a Toddy Tapper.  

 Mr. Rosario t Fernandez is the toddy tapper residing in our ward of Ravoia Navelim. It has been nearly 25 years, he is engaged in this occupation. His father Mr Salvador Fernandez was also a toddy tapper. Mr Rosario t. Fernandez is the only toddy tapper in Navelim hence a lot of people came near him to purchase toddy.

 He climbs on coconut tree and he performs his job thrice a day on each coconut tree i.e. in the morning afternoon and evening.
 In the morning and the evening the “vein” of the tree at its top is opened and the sap slowly drains into attached clays pot called damonen .during afternoon heat the toddy tapper climbs the trees and closes the opening so that the tree has time to recover its lost fluids he climbs the using footsteps carved on the truck and supports himself once in the tree tops by the base of the palm leaves once enough toddy (sur)in collected he make vetregar and during the rainy season  he prepares coconut feni (alcohol)

Toddy tapping is his whole and soul income fenerating business through which he looks after his family. The colour of the sur is milkfish white and sweet to drink when it is raw.
The sur is used for making sweets like sannas, in the main Goan dish especially during festivals, wedding, feast etc.

Mr Rosario does get a holiday as his work is carried out through the year and has to work in all weather conditions.

During heavy rains also he goes for work thrice a day and does not get a holiday even if he is not well.

Now he has become very old and, find it difficult to climb trees due to his health, however he continues his work to look after his family.

In this picture there is a coconut tree where every few inches there's a carving on the tree, this carving helps the toddy tapper to easily climb on the tree.

                                The vessel in this picture is used by the toddy tapper to contain extracted toddy, he takes this vessel with him while climbing the tree.